Diffusion Of Innovation Theory Research Articles

Factors Influencing Management of Human Excrement through Biogas Technology in Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slums, Nairobi City County Kenya

One of the factors influencing the achievement of sustainable sanitation is the proper disposal of human excrement. The problem is most prevalent in informal settlements, where sewerage systems are rare. One of the approaches considered sustainable is the conversion of human excrement into renewable energy via biogas technology. The purpose of the study, which was guided by Roger's theory of innovation diffusion, was to investigate the key factors that influence human excrement management through biogas technology. Mukuru Kwa Njenga slums were chosen as a study area. A sample of 100 people was selected using systematic random sampling. Data were analysed using a social science statistics package. Multiple linear regression was used to determine demographic factors that influence technology adoption. The Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship between various variables. Tables and charts were used to present the data. The study revealed that gender (p=.001) and education level (p=.000) significantly influence the use of biogas technology in the management of human excrement. Technology failure ((χ2= 10.301, p=.036) and lack of technical skills ((χ2= 7.518, p=.128) have no significant effect on the technology adoption rate. Cultural beliefs (χ2= 23.665, P=.000) have a significant effect on the use of biogas produced from human excrement. The ability of technology to prevent overflowing of faecal matter during heavy rainfall (χ2= 23.937, P=.000) and the prevention of odour from sanitation facilities (χ2=17.983, p= .001) has encouraged many residents to use the technology. The study concludes that technical and socio-economic factors, as well as its relative advantage over other excrement disposal methods, influence its adoption rate

Translating global evidence into local implementation through technical assistance: a realist evaluation of the Bloomberg philanthropies initiative for global Road safety

BackgroundTraffic-related crashes are a leading cause of premature death and disability. The safe systems approach is an evidence-informed set of innovations to reduce traffic-related injuries and deaths. First developed in Sweden, global health actors are adapting the model to improve road safety in low- and middle-income countries via technical assistance (TA) programs; however, there is little evidence on road safety TA across contexts. This study investigated how, why, and under what conditions technical assistance influenced evidence-informed road safety in Accra (Ghana), Bogotá (Colombia), and Mumbai (India), using a case study of the Bloomberg Philanthropies Initiative for Global Road Safety (BIGRS).MethodsWe conducted a realist evaluation with a multiple case study design to construct a program theory. Key informant interviews were conducted with 68 government officials, program staff, and other stakeholders. Documents were utilized to trace the evolution of the program. We used a retroductive analysis approach, drawing on the diffusion of innovation theory and guided by the context-mechanism-outcome approach to realist evaluation.ResultsTA can improve road safety capabilities and increase the uptake of evidence-informed interventions. Hands-on capacity building tailored to specific implementation needs improved implementers’ understanding of new approaches. BIGRS generated novel, city-specific analytics that shifted the focus toward vulnerable road users. BIGRS and city officials launched pilots that brought evidence-informed approaches. This built confidence by demonstrating successful implementation and allowing government officials to gauge public perception. But pilots had to scale within existing city and national contexts. City champions, governance structures, existing political prioritization, and socio-cultural norms influenced scale-up.ConclusionThe program theory emphasizes the interaction of trust, credibility, champions and their authority, governance structures, political prioritization, and the implement-ability of international evidence in creating the conditions for road safety change. BIGRS continues to be a vehicle for improving road safety at scale and developing coalitions that assist governments in fulfilling their role as stewards of population well-being. Our findings improve understanding of the complex role of TA in translating evidence-informed interventions to country-level implementation and emphasize the importance of context-sensitive TA to increase impact.

Exploring the social diffusion effects of green consumption: Evidence from green innovative products

In the context of mobile internet, the social diffusion effect of green consumption behavior becomes increasingly pronounced. This study, originating from the perspective of green consumption and grounded in the diffusion of innovation theory, constructs a model to analyze the impact of green consumption behavior on information-sharing behavior. The experience sampling method was utilized to collect 898 valid paired data points from 169 consumers, and Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling was applied to test the proposed model. The findings indicate a positive influence of green consumption behavior on information-sharing behavior, with perceived novelty and usefulness serving as mediators in this relationship. Moreover, the construal level moderates the impact of green consumption behavior on perceived novelty and usefulness. Further, at a high construal level, green consumption behavior enhances information-sharing behavior via its effect on perceived novelty, whereas at a low construal level, it does so through its impact on perceived usefulness.

Assessment of Food Processing Technologies on Allergen Reduction in United States

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the assessment of food processing technologies on allergen reduction in United States. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Recent advancements in food processing technologies in the U.S. are focusing on reducing allergenicity in food products. Thermal methods are traditionally used, but novel nonthermal techniques, such as high-pressure processing and cold atmospheric plasma, are now being explored for their potential to create hypoallergenic products. These methods aim to modify allergenic proteins without using heat, which can preserve food quality while reducing allergen reactivity. Despite these advancements, ensuring the complete removal of allergens remains challenging, highlighting the ongoing need for robust detection and control strategies​. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Risk assessment theory, health belief model (HBM) & diffusion of innovations theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the assessment of food processing technologies on allergen reduction in United States. Implementing advanced food processing technologies focused on allergen reduction can revolutionize industry practices. Regulatory bodies could use empirical data from these assessments to set more precise guidelines and safety standards for allergen levels in food products.

Evaluation of Novel Food Additives on Product Acceptability in France

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the evaluation of novel food additives on product acceptability in France. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings:  This study evaluating novel food additives on product acceptability in France, it was found that natural and organic additives significantly enhanced consumer acceptance. The additives were primarily valued for their perceived health benefits and minimal processing. Taste testing revealed that products with natural flavors and colors were preferred over those with synthetic counterparts. However, there was resistance among certain demographics, particularly older consumers, who showed a preference for traditional flavors. Overall, the study suggests that while novel additives can increase acceptability, consumer education and transparent labeling are crucial for widespread adoption. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of planned behavior (TPB), diffusion of innovations theory & expectancy-value theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the evaluation of novel food additives on product acceptability in France. Implement educational programs that inform consumers about the benefits and safety of novel food additives. Advocate for the development of clearer, more consistent regulatory guidelines for novel food additives to ensure safety and quality across markets.

Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Programs on Crop Productivity in India

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the effectiveness of agricultural extension programs on crop productivity in India. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Agricultural extension programs in India have significantly enhanced crop productivity by providing farmers with access to modern techniques and technologies. Studies indicate that these programs have effectively increased yields by facilitating better pest management, improved seed quality, and efficient water use. However, the effectiveness varies widely depending on the region and the specific crops involved, with some areas showing much greater improvement than others. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, theory of planned behavior (TPB) & human capital theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze effectiveness of agricultural extension programs on crop productivity in India. Practically, these recommendations aim to transform the implementation of agricultural extension programs by emphasizing the role of extension agents as both educators and facilitators of change, enhancing their training in both agricultural techniques and effective communication skills. Policies promoting the legal and financial backing for farmer cooperatives and requiring the incorporation of robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks in extension programs are crucial.

Adoption of Sustainable Farming Practices in the United States: A Study on Farmer Behavior

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the adoption of sustainable farming practices in the United States: a study on farmer behavior. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study on the adoption of sustainable farming practices in the United States revealed that a significant number of farmers are increasingly adopting methods such as crop rotation, organic farming, and reduced use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, motivated by environmental concerns and economic incentives. However, barriers to adoption include the high initial costs and perceived risk of lower yields, which deter some farmers from fully committing to sustainable practices. Despite these challenges, there is a growing trend towards sustainability, supported by governmental incentives and an increasing market demand for organically produced goods. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Diffusion of innovations theory, theory of planned behavior (TPB) & social cognitive theory (SCT) may be used to anchor future studies on analyze adoption of sustainable farming practices in the United States: a study on farmer behavior. Agricultural extension services should develop specialized programs that focus on the practical benefits of sustainable practices, tailored to specific farming contexts and crops. Governments should consider offering financial incentives, such as subsidies or tax breaks, for farmers who adopt and maintain sustainable practices.

A Process for Institutional Adoption and Diffusion of Blended Learning in Higher Education

AbstractBlended learning has emerged as a prominent feature in higher education over the past decade, aiming to enhance students’ learning experiences and improve outcomes. It has been adopted at various levels within universities, with an increasing trend of institutional adoption. Despite its prevalence, scholars have expressed concerns about our limited understanding of blended learning beyond small-scale and individual applications. Drawing on Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory, this case study explores the intricate process of adoption and implementation of blended learning within a university. Semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with 24 lecturers and six university executives involved in a university-wide initiative for blended learning. The interviews were analysed using a thematic pattern matching technique. In addition, a variety of relevant university documents were gathered and analysed using a content analysis method. Results reveal that despite some hesitancies among lecturers, the process of adoption of blended learning was supported by a well-justified strategy, investment in infrastructure, and provision of continued lecturer support. Viewing these results through the lens of Roger’s stage model highlights a lack of a proper ‘matching’ stage, reflecting a failure to engage lecturers in adoption decision-making and incorporate their feedback into the blended learning strategy.

The Role of Trust on the Continuance Usage Intention of Indonesian Mobile Payment Application

Mobile payment is a fascinating innovation, developed by the banking and fintech industries. It is growing very fast, shadowing the popularity of smartphones in Indonesia. However, the continuance usage intention of mobile payment still needs to be determined. Based on prior studies, this study investigates trust as an important factor in promoting the m-payment continuance usage intention.Furthermore, drawing upon the innovation diffusion theory, the study uses the model by Shao et al. (2019) to investigate the antecedents of trust: mobility, customization, security, and reputation, and analyzes the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between trust and its antecedents. It also examines the impact of trust on the perceived risk and continuance intention; and the perceived risk on the continuance intention. The postulated links between the variables were tested using a survey design. With 225 respondents who are e-wallet users in Indonesia, the study finds a positive effect of reputation, security, and customization on trust. Trust positively influences continuance intention, while the link between trust and perceived risk is negative. Compared to the previous study by Shao et al. (2019), the current study finds insignificant relationships between mobility and trust, as well as between the perceived risk and continuance intention. Furthermore, there was no moderating effect of gender on the relationship between trust and its antecedents.

Effect of Digital Banking on Financial Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya

The financial performance of MSEs is critical to the performance of the economy since MSEs are some of the best supporters of the government through employment. In recent years banks have developed innovative products and offered a wide range of services to improve their performance, which is the ultimate goal of banks (Mugodo, 2016). Digital banking has several benefits to financial services users such as micro and small enterprises and digital banking providers. The general objective of the study is to establish the effect of digital banking on the financial performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study are to determine the effect of digital payments on the financial performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County, to establish the influence of digital credit on the financial performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County, and to establish the influence of digital savings on the financial performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by the theory of financial innovations, the technology acceptance model theory, and the diffusion of Innovation Theory. This study employed an explanatory research design. The target population is comprised of retail traders/managers in the micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County. For purposes of this study, the population was MSEs, which conduct their business in Nairobi County. From the target population of 10,079 retail traders, Fishers et al (2007) formula was used to pick a sample of 384 retail traders as the sample of the study. The study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from the respondents. Data was analyzed aided by descriptive statistics, including variability and central tendency measures of frequencies. The findings of the diagnostic tests revealed that there was no multi-collinearity among the independent variables (VIF=1.281), and the results of the normality test showed that the variables were normally distributed. The findings of the study were that there was a positive and significant relationship between digital payments and financial performance (β1=0.682, p=0.0000.05), there was also a positive and significant relationship between digital credits and financial performance of micro and small enterprises (β2=0.266, p=0.0030.05). There was also a positive and significant relationship with the financial performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County (β3=0.488, p=0.0070.05). The study concluded that digital payments, digital savings, and digital credits had a positive and significant effect on the performance of micro and small enterprises in Nairobi County. The study recommends that more needs to be done in terms of application security due to the risk of cyber-attacks and fraud. Institutions should invest more in research to ensure that their applications used by customers are safe to prevent cyber-attacks and fraud. The study also recommends that MSE’s need to maintain a good record of credit and improve on their saving to access more credit through digital credit applications.

Adoption of environmental technologies in the hotel industry: development of sustainable intelligence and pro-environmental behavior

Innovative environmental technologies such as solar energy, hydroelectricity, waste-to-energy, and rainwater reuse sources have the potential to completely transform the modern world to reduce climate change and dependency on fossil fuels. This study aims to investigate the role of environmental innovative technologies on customers' experiences of hotels with a mediating role of sustainable intelligence. The study theorizes that environmental innovative technologies enhance customers ‘experience and attitude towards hotels. The innovation diffusion theory is utilized as a main theoretical framework to address the research problem. The data was collected from tourists/visitors at top hotels with a usable sample size of 222 respondents. Survey results reveal that innovative technologies in the context of Environmental Responsibility and Economic Responsibility have a significant influence on Pro-Environmental Behaviour with the full mediating role of Sustainable Intelligence. These findings have important implications when implementing innovative technologies in the tourism industry to (1) improve customer satisfaction, experience, and attitude towards the hotels and destinations; (2) provide guidelines in tourism development policy and marketing; (3) help government agencies to effectively use pro-environmental technologies to change consumer attitude. After the investigation, some intriguing theoretical and practical conclusions have been made.

USER ACCEPTANCE OF VIRTUAL COMMERCE ON METAVERSE INSIGHTS FROM INNOVATION DIFFUSION THEORY (IDT) AND TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL

In recent years, technological advancements have also influenced consumer behavior. One of the most significant developments in this regard is the metaverse. The metaverse, which has frequently captured the interest of experts, is a technological system that forms the basis of the current research. In this context, the present study examines the factors that affect the intention to use and acceptance of the metaverse system. The study constructs a research model using the Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate user acceptance of conducting e-commerce activities within the metaverse system. Within this framework, structural equation modeling has been utilized to explain the acceptance of usage by potential metaverse users. The proposed research model has been analyzed using the Smart PLS 3 software package. Among the independent variables of the research, a positive and significant relationship has been found between relative advantage as a mediator and the main variables of TAM. However, no significant relationship has been identified between complexity, another independent variable, and the main variables of TAM. Additionally, a significant relationship has been established between perceived compatibility and perceived ease of use. In this context, from a consumer perspective, when evaluated experientially (effort expended), the shopping experience in the metaverse system shows similarities with physical shopping, while no relationship has been found in terms of performance. The most significant contribution of the research to the literature is that attitude and intention, which are the most important antecedents of active usage of metaverse systems, exhibit a positive and significant relationship with all the variables in the relationship.

Attributes and Predictors of Opinion Leaders on Twitter: COVID-19 Childhood Vaccination Campaign

ABSTRACT Identifying attributes of the COVID-19 childhood vaccine message disseminators is beneficial to health campaign research. This study examines the We Can Do This COVID-19 childhood vaccination health campaign message disseminators on Twitter during 2021–2022. Guided by the diffusion of innovation theory and the theory of the two-step flow communication, we classify the disseminators (n=823) and examine their influence over the two-year period. A manual content analysis and social network analysis were conducted to measure the impact of disseminators on their networks through in-degree centrality assessment. Results revealed that experts in medical fields, industrial professionals, and social media influencers were the top three most common career titles disclosed in Twitter bios among individual accounts, whereas local nonprofit organizations, governments, and companies were the most common organizational accounts. Mann-Whitney U Tests indicated that in both years message disseminators with clinical medicine expertise were more influential than those who did not reveal such expertise. However, only in 2021 were campaign message disseminators with parental expertise more influential within the social network. We discuss the implications of disseminator classification as well as the significance of enhancing health campaigns by identifying who discusses them on social media.

THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN FINANCIAL SERVICES: INSIGHTS FROM CASE STUDIES IN AFRICA AND THE UNITED STATES

This review paper explores the theoretical perspectives on digital transformation in financial services, with a focus on insights from Africa and the United States. It delves into key theories and models such as the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), and their application to understanding the adoption and impact of digital technologies in financial services. The paper highlights the challenges faced by financial institutions, including regulatory hurdles, cybersecurity threats, and technological disparities, while also discussing the transformative opportunities digital transformation presents for enhancing service delivery and financial inclusion. A comparative analysis reveals how these theoretical frameworks apply across different regions, emphasizing the need for continuous theoretical development to navigate the evolving digital financial landscape. Keywords:  Digital Transformation, Financial Services, Theoretical Perspectives, Comparative Analysis.

Switching Intention of Potential Smart Home Users: The Co-action of Innovation Diffusion Theory and Switching Costs

This study proposed a comprehensive model based on Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) and switching costs theory, which theorized and verified how the dimensions of innovation attributes and switching costs of the smart home affect the switching intention of potential smart home users and captured both positive and negative factors that affect switching intention. To empirically test the switching intention of potential smart home users, this study conducted an online survey on 407 potential smart home users and analyzed the data using Partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that relative advantage and compatibility have significant negative effects on procedural switching costs, but complexity has no statistical significance on procedural switching costs. Complexity has a significant positive impact on financial switching costs, while compatibility has a significant negative impact on financial switching costs. Both the innovation attributes and the switching costs perceived by potential users have significant positive or negative effects on the switching intention, which validated our hypotheses. In addition, in terms of the results from testing of mediation effects, except for procedural switching costs, which do not have a mediating role between complexity and switching intention, all others play a significant mediating role.

Determinants of user acceptance of digital insurance platform service on InsurTech: an empirical study in South Korea

ABSTRACT In recent days, InsurTech services and users are growing rapidly worldwide. InsurTech, a combination of ‘insurance’ and ‘technology’, as an area of Fintech has become an essential innovation strategy of insurance companies. Even if InsurTech services and users are prevalent, there is a lack of empirical research on determinants of user acceptance of InsurTech. The objective of this study is to explore factors determining user acceptance of digital insurance platform services most popular within InsurTech in South Korea. The research model was derived from mainly three theories: the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT), information systems success model (ISSM) and innovation diffusion theory (IDT) with service characteristic factors (system quality, information quality, and service quality) and user characteristic factors (personal innovativeness, self-efficacy, and perceived risk). 249 survey responses from South Korea were analysed. According to the results, information quality exhibited an effect on performance expectancy and effort expectancy whereas service quality was shown to affect only effort expectancy. Furthermore, personal innovativeness affected performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, self-efficacy exhibited an effect on performance expectancy, and perceived risk affected performance expectancy and effort expectancy.

Video Games and Adolescents’ Deviant Behaviours in Selected Secondary Schools in the Bamenda Municipality in the North West Region of Cameroon

Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effects of video games on adolescents’ deviant behaviours in selected secondary schools in Bamenda municipality, in Mezam Division of the North West Region of Cameroon. The specific objective was to examine how video games affect adolescents’ deviant behaviors.
 Methods: The theoretical underpinnings of this study was informed by Albert Bandura’s (1997) Social learning theory, Hirschi's Social Control Theory (2002) and Roggers’ Innovation-diffusion theory (1995). The study employed the concurrent mixed method design whereby both qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. A sample of 384 were randomly selected from five high schools located within the Bamenda Municipality in the North West Region of Cameroon. These schools were GBHS Bamendankwe, GBHS Downtown, GBTHS Bamenda, PCHS Mankon and SMASA Nkwen. A structured questionnaire and an interview guide were the main data collection instruments. Linear regression analysis was used to verify the effect of video games on adolescents’ deviant behaviours. The hypothesis was tested at the significance level of 0.05. The qualitative data obtained were analyzed using the technique of content thematic analysis.
 Results: Regression analysis shows that when video games increase by one unit, adolescents’ deviant behavior increases by 0. 572 unit.
 Conclusion: Given that this increase is significant with a p-value of 0.000, it is evident from the study that video games significantly affect adolescents’ deviant behavior.
 Recommendation: Adolescents should not spend most of their time using their ICTs gadgets to play video games rather they should use them to engage in more productive activities like personal research and to study. The government can equally put restrictions on/or block the download of game apps that are not beneficial to adolescents within its borders.

The Effect of Blockchain Technology in Enhancing Ethical Sourcing and Supply Chain Transparency: Evidence from The Cocoa and Agricultural Sectors in Ghana

This study examines the impact of blockchain technology on ethical sourcing and supply chain transparency in Ghana's cocoa and agriculture industries. Using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory as a framework, the study investigates the adoption and influence of blockchain technology on ethical sourcing practices and supply chain transparency. Regression analysis was conducted using data from 153 firms in the agricultural and cocoa sectors to explore the relationships between blockchain technology usage, ethical sourcing, supply chain transparency, adoption of new technologies, and corporate social responsibility. The results highlight the significant influence of blockchain technology adoption on supply chain transparency and ethical sourcing practices in the cocoa and agricultural sectors. Specifically, companies that utilize blockchain technology tend to have more transparent supply chains and are more likely to engage in ethical sourcing compared to those that do not. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that the use of technology, particularly blockchain, is a strong predictor of increased transparency, with positive correlations observed across all industries. These findings illustrate the potential of blockchain technology to enhance ethical sourcing methods and supply chain transparency in Ghana's cocoa and agriculture industries. It is recommended that both public and private corporations consider investing in technology adoption, particularly blockchain technology, as it has the potential to improve ethical sourcing practices.

Human Resource Management Practices and Firm Innovation: A Study of Technology Startups in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the human resource management practices and firm innovation: a study of technology startups in Kenya.
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: In technology startups in Kenya, recruitment strategies drive product innovatio44n by attracting diverse talent, while training initiatives enhance process innovation by improving technical skills. Performance appraisals promote organizational innovation by recognizing innovative contributions, fostering a culture of continuous improvement.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Resource-based view (RBV) theory, social exchange theory & diffusion of innovation theory may be used to anchor future studies on the human resource management practices and firm innovation: a study of technology startups in Kenya. Technology startups should prioritize employee development and learning initiatives to nurture a culture of innovation and continuous improvement. Policymakers should create a supportive regulatory environment that encourages innovation and entrepreneurship in Kenya's technology startup ecosystem.

Branchless Banking and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya

Commercial banks remain the principal constituents within the financial sector. Their performance is important since it serves other sectors, for example fishing, agriculture, manufacturing, energy and petroleum, mining, hospitality as well as tourism within the economy. Commercial banks’ performance shows a direct effect towards the overall economy and hence there is need for stability in their performance. The current study targets to evaluate how branchless banking impacts financial health of banks. The study aims to establish how banking via mobile phones affects Kenyan banks' performance, how ATM banking affects Kenyan banks' performance financially, how financial deepening affects Kenyan banks' performance financially due to branchless banking, and how regulations affect Kenyan banks' performance financially due to branchless banking. The study was in accordance with agency theory, financial deepening theory, and innovation diffusion theory. The study employed a correlation design and collected secondary data on commercial banks from 2012 to 2020. Causal research design was utilized, and all 39 commercial banks were included in the study. Regression analysis for data spanning eight years (2012-2020) was used. The study findings indicated that branchless banking has a significant impact on the financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, with financial deepening playing a significant mediating role. Furthermore, bank regulations had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between branchless banking and commercial bank financial performance. The study recommends that commercial banks adopt branchless banking through mobile and ATM banking, increase customer usage of mobile banking, expand ATM banking services, and enhance financial deepening.